The fight for freedom in South Africa is rooted in recognising the humanity of Black people during colonial-apartheid rule. The struggle for non-racial social identities has been hindered by the ANC-led government, resulting in limited definitions of identity and exclusion. Black Consciousness philosophy and Black Theology have played important roles in the liberation struggle, emphasizing the personal experiences of being Black and the shared pain of oppression. Allan Boesak, a prominent figure in the struggle, has highlighted the need for reconciliation, social justice, and a “theology of refusal” that aligns with the oppressed.