Didyma, located in modern-day Didim, Turkey, was a sanctuary and oracle of Apollo connected to Miletus by a paved road. It was one of the biggest sanctuaries in Asia Minor and included other cults besides Apollo, such as Artemis, Zeus, Leto, Hekate, Aphrodite, and Tyche. The first building of the sanctuary dates back to around 700 BC, and it reached its peak of prestige in the 7th and 6th century BC. The temple of Didymaion was one of the most important monuments of antiquity, and its sculptural decoration was particularly noteworthy. The temple was dipteral and included a deep porch.
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The religion of Ancient Egypt was polytheistic, with a pantheon of gods related to natural and cultural forces. Key deities included Ra (the sun god), Isis (the goddess of health, marriage, and wisdom), and Osiris (the god of the afterlife). The pharaohs were believed to be divine representatives on Earth.
In the region of Mesopotamia, modern-day Iraq, religion was also polytheistic. Gods such as Anu (the sky god), Enlil (the god of wind and storm), and Inanna (the goddess of love and war) were worshipped. Each city-state had a patron god, and the ziggurats, or large temples, were central to religious life.
Ancient Greek religion was characterized by its pantheon of gods who were anthropomorphic and had human-like qualities. The Twelve Olympians, including Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, and Athena, were the most important. Religious practices were intertwined with daily life, politics, and philosophy, and included public rituals, festivals, and sacrifices.
Roman religion initially centered around the worship of the household gods (Lares and Penates) and the city's protective deities. As the Roman Empire expanded, it absorbed gods and cults from other parts of the Mediterranean, leading to a rich and diverse religious life. Key gods in the Roman pantheon included Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva. The emperor cult, which deified the Roman emperors, was also a significant aspect of Roman religion.
The religions of the Phoenicians and Canaanites were closely related, with a pantheon of gods who presided over various aspects of the natural world and human life. Key deities included El (the creator god), Asherah (the mother goddess), and Baal (the storm god). Religious practices often involved music, dance, and feasting, and temples played a central role in city-states.