Intramuros_The_Story_of_the_Philippines.pdf
“The true tragedy of the assault was the human cost. The number of the Japanese dead itself is a tragedy, but thousands of innocent Filipino citizens, who had been kept in buildings as hostages by the Japanese and denied the chance to flee, had died in the American bombing or were killed by the Japanese during the final assault. As always is the case, the toll of liberating Manila was costly, and the lives of the innocents paid much of the blood price expected by such a battle” - Jon G. Malek, Intramuros, The Story of the Philippines
Intramuros, the story of the Philippines." This is how a friend of mine eloquently described Intramuros, the historic walled Spanish settlement located in Manila. Intramuros, throughout its existence, has borne witness to a multitude of significant events that have shaped the course of Philippine history. This remarkable enclave has served as a melting pot where diverse cultures have converged, with the Chinese, Spanish, and American influences leaving an indelible mark. Moreover, Intramuros has also been a witness to the tumultuous struggles endured by the Filipino people, enduring periods of Spanish and Japanese occupation, as well as the United States' involvement to some extent. It stands as a symbol of the complex interplay between colonialism, decolonialism, and the forging of a distinct national identity. Rather than conceal this fragment of history, the Filipino people have wholeheartedly embraced it, intertwining their own narratives with its storied past. Today, it stands as a source of immense pride for the Philippines, serving as a captivating attraction and a vital component of the vibrant tapestry that is Metro Manila.”
Exploring the Historical and Cultural Treasures of Intramuros, The Walled City of the Philippines
Intramuros primer by Jon G. Malak
Gatbonton, Esperanza Bunag (1980).
Intramuros of Memory. Laya, Jaime, et. al. (1981).
Philippine Religious Imagery in Ivory.
Venerated Virgins of Intramuros (1982).